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4. Study of basic network management commands.

1) nslookup:

Performs DNS queries to retrieve DNS information for a domain name.

Example: nslookup google.com

Retrieves DNS records, including IP addresses associated with the domain.

2) netstat:

Displays active network connections, listening ports, and network statistics.

Example: netstat -a

Useful for monitoring network activity and identifying open connections.

3) route:

Displays and manipulates the IP routing table.

Example: route print

Shows the routing table, which defines how network packets should be forwarded.

4) arp:

Displays and modifies the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache, used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.

Example: arp -a

Shows the ARP cache, which is crucial for local network communication.

5) netsh:

A versatile command-line tool to configure various network settings.

Example: netsh interface show interface

Used to manage network interfaces, firewall settings, and more.

6) ip:

A command-line tool for managing IP addresses and network interfaces (in newer Windows versions).

Example: ip address show

Similar to ipconfig, but more modern and versatile.

7) hostname:

Displays the current hostname of your computer.

Example: hostname

Useful for identifying your computer on the network.