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3. Explain about any five working of basic Networking Commands.

a) ipconfig:

The ipconfig command is used to display the IP configuration settings of all network interfaces on your computer.

Example: ipconfig or ipconfig /all

It shows information like IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and more for each network interface.

b) ping:

The ping command is used to test the connectivity between your computer and another network device (usually using its IP address or hostname).

Example: ping google.com or ping 192.168.1.1.

It sends a series of network packets to the target device and reports response times and packet loss. Useful for diagnosing network connectivity issues.

c) tracert (or traceroute in Unix/Linux):

The tracert command is used to trace the route that network packets take from your computer to a destination IP address or hostname.

Example: tracert google.com or tracert 8.8.8.8.

It shows the path and the IP addresses of routers or hops along the way, helping identify network bottlenecks or routing problems.

d) nslookup:

The nslookup command is used to perform DNS (Domain Name System) queries to retrieve information about domain names, IP addresses, and DNS records.

Example: nslookup google.com.

It provides information about the DNS records associated with the provided domain name, including the IP address(es) it resolves to.

e) netstat:

The netstat command is used to display active network connections, listening ports, and various network statistics on your computer.

Example: netstat -a or netstat -n

It helps you monitor the network activity on your computer and identify open connections, listening ports, and more.